STOPPING, STANDING, AND PARKING
Common Traffic Law Violations for Article 32
1200. Basic rules.
1201. Stopping, standing, or parking outside of business or residence districts.
1202. Stopping, standing, or parking prohibited in specified places.
1203. Additional parking regulations.
1203-a. Parking permits for handicapped persons.
1203-b. Parking spaces; handicapped.
1203-c. Off street parking spaces for the handicapped.
1203-d. Out-of-state vehicles bearing handicapped identification.
1203-e. Dumping snow onto parking places for handicapped prohibited.
1203-f. Handicapped parking enforcement.
1203-g. Establishment of the handicapped parking education program.
1203-h. Metered parking waiver for certain disabilities.
1204. Officers authorized to remove illegally stopped vehicles.
1201. Stopping, standing, or parking outside of business or residence districts.
1202. Stopping, standing, or parking prohibited in specified places.
1203. Additional parking regulations.
1203-a. Parking permits for handicapped persons.
1203-b. Parking spaces; handicapped.
1203-c. Off street parking spaces for the handicapped.
1203-d. Out-of-state vehicles bearing handicapped identification.
1203-e. Dumping snow onto parking places for handicapped prohibited.
1203-f. Handicapped parking enforcement.
1203-g. Establishment of the handicapped parking education program.
1203-h. Metered parking waiver for certain disabilities.
1204. Officers authorized to remove illegally stopped vehicles.
S 1200. Basic rules. (a) When stopping is prohibited by this article, or by local law, ordinance, order, rule or regulation, no person shall stop, stand or park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or traffic-control sign or signal. (b) When standing is prohibted by this article, or by local law, ordinance, order, rule or regulation, no person shall stand or park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, but may stop temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in receiving or discharging passengers. (c) When parking is prohibited by this article, or by local law, ordinance, order, rule or regulation, no person shall park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, but may stop or stand temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading merchandise or passengers. (d) When official signs have been posted prohibiting, restricting or limiting the stopping, standing or parking of vehicles on any highway, no person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle in violation of the restrictions stated on such signs. S 1201. Stopping, standing, or parking outside of business or residence districts. (a) Upon any highway outside of a business or residence district no person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, upon the paved or main-traveled part of the highway when it is practicable to stop, park, or so leave such vehicle off such part of said highway, but in every event an unobstructed width of the highway opposite a standing vehicle shall be left for the free passage of other vehicles and a clear view of such stopped vehicles shall be available from a distance of two hundred feet in each direction upon such highway. (b) This section shall not apply to the driver of any vehicle which is disabled while on the paved or main-traveled portion of a highway in such manner and to such extent that it is impossible to avoid stopping and temporarily leaving such disabled vehicle in such position. S 1202. Stopping, standing or parking prohibited in specified places. (a) Except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic, or when in compliance with law or the directions of a police officer or official traffic-control device, no person shall: 1. Stop, stand or park a vehicle: a. On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped, standing or parked at the edge or curb of a street; b. On a sidewalk; c. Within an intersection, except when permitted by official signs or parking meters on the side of a highway opposite a street which intersects but does not cross such highway; d. On a cross walk; e. Between a safety zone and the adjacent curb or within thirty feet of points on the curb immediately opposite the ends of a safety zone, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters; f. Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing or parking would obstruct traffic; g. Upon any bridge or other elevated structure upon a highway or within a highway tunnel, unless otherwise indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters; h. On any railroad tracks; i. In the area between roadways of a divided highway, including crossovers, except in an emergency; j. On a state expressway highway or state interstate route highway, including the entrances thereto and exits therefrom, which are a part thereof, except in an emergency. k. Engage in the retail sale of frozen desserts as that term is defined in subdivision thirty-seven of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter directly to pedestrians on any highway having a speed limit in excess of thirty miles per hour. Nothing herein shall be construed to prohibit the operator of such vehicle from stopping such vehicle off such highway, in a safe manner, for the sole purpose of delivering such retail product directly to the residence of a consumer or to the business address of a customer of such retailer. 2. Stand or park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except momentarily to pick up or discharge a passenger or passengers: a. In front of a public or private driveway; b. Within twenty feet of a cross walk at an intersection, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters; c. Within thirty feet upon the approach to any flashing signal, stop or yield sign or traffic-control signal located at the side of the roadway, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters; d. Within twenty feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station and, when on the side of the street opposite to the entrance of any fire station, within seventy-five feet of said entrance, when properly signposted, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters. e. Alongside or obstructing a curb area which has been cut down, lowered or constructed so as to provide accessibility to the sidewalk. 3. Park a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading merchandise or passengers, within fifty feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters. (b) No person shall stop, stand or park a vehicle within fifteen feet of a fire hydrant except when such vehicle is attended by a licensed operator or chauffeur who is seated in the front seat and who can immediately move such vehicle in case of emergency, unless a different distance is indicated by official signs, markings or parking meters. (c) No person shall move a vehicle not lawfully under his control into any prohibited area or away from a curb such distance as is unlawful. S 1203. Additional parking regulations. (a) Except where angle parking is authorized, every vehicle stopped, standing, or parked wholly upon a two-way roadway shall be so stopped, standing, or parked with the right-hand wheels of such vehicle parallel to and within twelve inches of the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway. (b) Except where angle parking is authorized, every vehicle stopped, standing, or parked wholly upon a one-way roadway shall be so stopped, standing, or parked parallel to the curb or edge of the roadway, in the direction of authorized traffic movement, with its right-hand wheels within twelve inches of the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, or its left-hand wheels within twelve inches of the left-hand curb or edge of the roadway. (c) Except where angle parking is authorized, every vehicle stopped, standing, or parked partly upon a roadway shall be so stopped, standing, or parked parallel to the curb or edge of the roadway. On a one-way roadway such vehicle shall be facing in the direction of authorized traffic movement; on a two-way roadway such vehicle shall be facing in the direction of authorized traffic movement on that portion of the roadway on which the vehicle rests. (d) No person regularly engaged in the sale or repair of vehicles shall park a vehicle upon any highway for the purpose of: 1. Displaying such vehicle for sale. 2. Greasing or repairing such vehicle, except for such repairs as may be necessitated by an emergency. S 1203-a. Parking permits for handicapped persons. 1. The commissioner shall distribute special vehicle identification parking permits to the governing bodies of all cities, towns and villages in the state. Notwithstanding any local law or ordinance to the contrary, such permits shall entitle any vehicle displaying such permit to park in any area in any city, town or village of the state which has been designated by such city, town or village or pursuant to the provisions of section twelve hundred three-c of this chapter as a place for parking for persons with disabilities. The design, period of validity, and procedures for reissuance of such permits shall be as determined by the commissioner. The governing bodies of cities, towns and villages in the state shall appoint an issuing agent to issue such permits. The permits shall be issued to: (i) any resident of New York state who is a severely disabled person, as defined in subdivision three of section four hundred four-a of this chapter, upon application of such person or such person's parent or guardian, provided, however, that an issuing agent shall issue permits only to residents of the city, town or village in which such issuing agent is located, except that, an issuing agent, in his or her discretion, may issue a permit to a severely disabled person who is not a resident of the city, town, or village in which such issuing agent is located where such person resides in a city, town, or village in which the governing body has not appointed an issuing agent; and an issuing agent, in his or her discretion, may issue a temporary special vehicle identification parking permit, as authorized by subdivision three of this section, to a person who is temporarily unable to ambulate without the aid of an assisting device, as certified by a physician, who resides in a city, town, or village in which the issuing agent does not issue temporary special vehicle identification parking permits, or who is not a resident of the United States and is temporarily visiting the state; or (ii) any state facility, or agency licensed by the state of New York or any of its political subdivisions, that operates a motor vehicle for purposes of transporting handicapped persons, upon the application of such a facility or agency. For the purposes of paragraph (i) of this subdivision, such permit shall be for use exclusively in a vehicle in which the person to whom it has been issued is being transported and such permit shall not be transferable and shall be forfeited if presented by any other person. Any abuse by any person, facility or agency to whom such permit has been issued of any privilege, benefit, precedence or consideration granted pursuant to the issuance of such permit, shall be sufficient cause for revocation of said permit. 2. The special vehicle identification parking permit issued by the commissioner shall be recognized statewide and, except for a permit issued pursuant to and used subject to the limitations of subdivision three of this section is the only valid permit for the purpose of preserving parking spaces for the handicapped. 3. Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter to the contrary, any municipality may issue a temporary special vehicle identification parking permit to any person who is temporarily unable to ambulate without the aid of an assisting device, as certified by a physician. Such temporary special vehicle identification parking permit shall be valid for not more than six months and shall be recognized statewide. 4. A person who knowingly and wilfully with the intent to deceive makes a false statement or gives information which such individual knows to be false to a public official to obtain a parking permit for handicapped persons in addition to any other penalty provided by law shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than two hundred fifty dollars nor more than one thousand dollars. S 1203-b. Parking spaces; handicapped. 1. Parking spaces for the handicapped as provided for in sections one thousand two hundred three-a and one thousand two hundred three-c of this chapter shall also be extended to a motor vehicle registered in accordance with section four hundred four-a of this chapter. A handicapped permit issued in accordance with the provisions of section one thousand two hundred three-a of this chapter shall entitle the driver to park in such parking spaces. Parking spaces for the handicapped shall be those parking spaces accorded to a holder of a handicapped parking permit provided in accordance with section one thousand two hundred three-a or as provided in section four hundred four-a of this chapter. 2. It shall be a violation for any person to stop, stand or park a vehicle in any area designated as a place for handicapped parking unless the vehicle bears a permit issued under section one thousand two hundred three-a or a registration issued under section four hundred four-a of this chapter and such vehicle is being used for the transportation of a severely disabled or handicapped person. This subdivision shall not apply to a violation of section twelve hundred three-c of this chapter. S 1203-c. Off street parking spaces for the handicapped. 1. Any person, firm or corporation owning a shopping center or facility with at least five separate retail stores and at least twenty off street parking spaces which are provided for use by the shopping public must designate as only for the handicapped and clearly mark for use by the handicapped a minimum of five percent of such parking spaces or ten such spaces whichever is less. These spaces must be located as close as reasonably practicable to the shopping center facility and reasonably distributed so as to provide convenient access for use by handicapped drivers. Such parking spaces are to be used either by handicapped drivers displaying a special municipal parking permit (as defined in section twelve hundred three-a of this chapter and distributed by the commissioner of motor vehicles to local governing bodies to be issued to handicapped persons who reside in such locality) or by motor vehicles registered in accordance with section four hundred four-a of this chapter and being used for the transportation of a handicapped person. 2. (a) The parking spaces designated pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be clearly identified for use by handicapped persons which designation shall include conspicuous and permanently installed above grade signs which display the international symbol of access and which shall be positioned from the parking space surface at a height of not less than five feet nor more than seven feet and may include the use of blue painted lines or markings. Such parking spaces also may be marked as tow-away zones. (b) Whenever a person, firm or corporation creates an off-street parking lot, or repaves or repaints more than one-half of the total number of parking spaces in an off-street parking lot which contains designated handicapped parking spaces, or creates designated handicapped parking spaces in an off-street parking lot, or repaves or repaints more than one-half of the total number of designated handicapped parking spaces in an off-street parking lot, specifications as to the size of designated handicapped parking spaces and designated handicapped parking space access aisles shall be in accordance with the requirements of the New York state uniform fire prevention and building code. 3. A violation of this section by any person, firm or corporation owning a shopping center or facility with at least five separate retail stores and at least twenty off street parking spaces which are provided for use by the shopping public who fails to provide spaces only for the handicapped and clearly marked for use by the handicapped in accordance with this section, shall be punishable by a fine up to two hundred fifty dollars. 4. Except as otherwise provided by local law which imposes a larger maximum fine, any person who stops, stands or parks in spaces clearly marked for use by the handicapped in accordance with this section, without a special vehicle identification parking permit, a special municipal parking permit or whose motor vehicle is not registered in accordance with section four hundred four-a of this chapter and being used for the transportation of a handicapped person; or with such permit or registration and such person is not the one to whom the permit or registration was issued or is not transporting the person issued the permit or registration; or any person who parks in a handicapped parking access aisle; shall be subject to a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than seventy-five dollars for the first offense and seventy-five to one hundred fifty dollars for the second offense occurring within a period of two years within the same municipality. The arresting or ticketing officer shall issue a summons to violators of this section. A ticketing officer issuing a summons pursuant to this section may provide for the removal and storage of a motor vehicle illegally parked in a handicapped parking space, or a handicapped parking access aisle. 5. As used in this section, the term "handicapped" shall also include a "severely disabled person" as defined in section four hundred four-a of this chapter. 6. Notwithstanding any other state or local law to the contrary, a state, county or municipal law enforcement officer seeking to enforce subdivision four of this section, may enter onto the parking lot of any shopping center or facility as described in subdivision one of this section or any other parking lot as described in the state fire prevention and building code, which is required to contain accessible and designated parking spaces for people with disabilities, regardless of the existence or absence of any state or local law or rule otherwise permitting or restricting such access for such law enforcement officer. S 1203-d. Out-of-state vehicles bearing special identification. Motor vehicles displaying a special license plate or parking permit issued by any other state, district, territory or other governmental entity subject to the laws of the United States, or a foreign country for the purpose of granting special parking privileges to people with disabilities shall be accorded the special parking privileges allowed pursuant to the provisions of sections twelve hundred three-b and twelve hundred three-c of this article. S 1203-e. Dumping snow onto parking places for handicapped prohibited. Any person who knowingly dumps or shovels snow onto a parking place for handicapped persons rendering such place unusable for parking purposes shall be subject to a fine of twenty-five dollars for the first offense and a fine not to exceed one hundred dollars for every offense thereafter. However, a local or municipal government may, by local law or ordinance, establish fines higher than those established in this section, but in no instance shall the fines exceed fifty dollars for the first offense or two hundred dollars for the second or subsequent offense. S 1203-f. Handicapped parking enforcement. 1. A county, city, town or village may, by adoption of a local law or ordinance, establish a handicapped parking violation unit to assist in the enforcement of handicapped parking laws or ordinances. Persons appointed to such unit shall be volunteers, shall serve without compensation, and shall be authorized to provide evidence of violations of handicapped parking laws or ordinances to the appropriate local enforcement authority. Such evidence may include photographing a violation, provided that such photograph is taken and handled in compliance with the requirements of this section. 2. A local law or ordinance enacted in accordance with the provisions of this section shall: (a) establish a training program of no less than two hours in length and require each volunteer to participate in and complete such training program; (b) provide for the assignment of an identification number to each volunteer, and provide official identification and equipment to assist volunteer personnel in the conduct of their duties; (c) establish uniform procedures for volunteers to follow in determining whether a violation has occurred; (d) establish procedures for the uniform reporting of violations, which reporting shall include the identification number of the volunteer making the report; (e) if such local law or ordinance provides for the taking of photographs of violations, (i) grant only the enforcement agency the authority to process or to contract for the processing of all film submitted by volunteers; (ii) require any photographs evidencing a violation to be available for inspection in any proceeding to adjudicate the liability for such violation; (iii) provide that a certificate, sworn to or affirmed by a technician employed by the locality in which the charged violation occurred, or a facsimile thereof, based upon inspection of photographs produced from film submitted by volunteers, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein; and (iv) prohibit the use of such a photograph for any purpose other than as evidence of a handicapped parking violation; and (f) provide the following with respect to notices of violation: (i) a notice of violation shall be sent by first class mail to each person alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of a handicapped parking law or ordinance. A manual or automatic record of mailing prepared in the ordinary course of business shall be prima facie evidence of the facts contained therein; (ii) a notice of violation shall reference the law which was allegedly violated, and shall contain the name and address of the person alleged to be liable as an owner for a violation of a handicapped parking law or ordinance, the registration number of the vehicle involved in such violation, the location where such violation took place, the date and time of such violation, and the identification number of the volunteer who recorded the violation; (iii) a notice of violation shall contain information advising the person charged of the manner and the time in which he or she may contest the violation alleged in the notice, and shall also contain a warning to advise the persons charged that failure to contest in the manner and time provided shall be deemed an admission of liability and that a default judgment may be entered thereon. S 1203-g. Establishment of the handicapped parking education program. 1. Every county and the city of New York shall establish a separate handicapped parking education program. Each program shall be organized by a coordinator for handicapped parking education and advocacy, who shall be designated by the chief executive officer of the county, if there be one, otherwise by the chair of the governing board of the county, and in the city of New York, a person designated by the mayor thereof. 2. The handicapped parking education program shall be established for the purposes of providing education, advocacy and increased awareness of handicapped parking laws. The program shall provide funding for activities such as public service announcements, public education and awareness campaigns, distribution of literature, and any other activities that are consistent with such purposes. 3. It shall be the duty of the coordinator to: (a) render annually or at the request of the county legislature or other governing body of the county, a verified account of all moneys received and expended by the coordinator or under the coordinator's direction and an account of other pertinent matters; and (b) make a biennial report to the commissioner, which shall be due on the first day of April every second year following implementation of the program and shall include an assessment of the effectiveness of the program, recommendations for expanding and improving the program and any problems or other matters related to the administration of the program. Such report shall also be made available to the temporary president of the senate and the speaker of the assembly. 4. Every county and the city of New York that establishes a handicapped parking education program shall establish a separate handicapped parking education fund in the custody of the chief fiscal officer of each such county or city, by April first, two thousand, which shall consist of moneys granted to such county or city pursuant to section eighteen hundred nine-b of this chapter. No provision of law shall be deemed to preclude a county or the city of New York from receiving funds from other sources to be deposited in the handicapped parking education fund, provided such funds are used in a manner and for purposes consistent with this section. The moneys of such fund shall be disbursed to provide education, advocacy and increased awareness of handicapped parking laws and may be used to execute contracts with private organizations for such purposes. Such contracts shall be awarded upon competitive bids after the issuance of requests for proposal. S 1203-h. Metered parking waiver for certain disabilities. 1. The commissioner shall distribute metered parking waiver permits to the governing bodies of all cities, villages and towns; provided, however, that the commissioner shall not distribute such permits to cities having a population of one million or more which issue special vehicle identification parking permits pursuant to paragraph fifteen of subdivision a of section twenty-nine hundred three of the New York city charter which waive the payment of metered parking fees. Notwithstanding any local law or ordinance to the contrary, such permits shall entitle any vehicle displaying such waiver permit to park at any metered parking space in any city, village or town of the state and such permits shall waive metered parking fees imposed by such city or village pursuant to paragraph nine of subdivision (a) of section sixteen hundred forty of this chapter or imposed by such town pursuant to paragraph nine of subdivision (a) of section sixteen hundred sixty of this chapter. Provided, however, that such permit shall not waive any time limit at a metered parking space imposed pursuant to paragraph nine of subdivision (a) of section sixteen hundred forty of this chapter or paragraph nine of subdivision (a) of section sixteen hundred sixty of this chapter that is applicable to a motor vehicle parking in such metered parking space without such permit. 2. The application, permit design, period of validity, and procedures for reissuance of such waiver permits shall be as determined by the commissioner. 3. Such waiver permits shall be issued by issuing agents appointed pursuant to subdivision one of section twelve hundred three-a of this article by governing bodies of cities, villages and towns having a population of less than one million to persons with disabilities who: (a) are residents of New York state; and (b) are residents of the city, town or village in which such issuing agent is located, except that, an issuing agent, in his or her discretion, may issue a permit to a severely disabled person who is not a resident of the city, town, or village in which such issuing agent is located where such person resides in a city, town, or village in which the governing body has not appointed an issuing agent; and (c) hold a valid driver's license issued by New York state; and (d) are severely disabled persons, as defined in subdivision four of section four hundred four-a of this chapter, whose severe disability, as certified by a licensed physician, limits one or more of the following: (i) fine motor control in both hands; (ii) ability to reach or access a parking meter due to use of a wheelchair or other ambulatory device; or (iii) ability to reach a height of forty-two inches from the ground due to the lack of finger, hand or upper extremity strength or mobility. 4. For the purposes of this section, such waiver permit shall be for use exclusively in a vehicle when the person to whom it has been issued is driving and unaccompanied by a person able to put payment into a parking meter. Such permit shall not be transferable and shall be forfeited if used by any other person. Any abuse by any person to whom such waiver permit has been issued shall be sufficient cause for revocation of said permit. 5. The special metered parking waiver permit issued by the commissioner shall be recognized statewide and is the only valid permit, other than a special vehicle identification parking permit issued by cities having a population of one million or more pursuant to paragraph fifteen of subdivision a of section twenty-nine hundred three of the New York city charter, for the waiver of metered parking fees for certain severely disabled drivers. 6. A person who knowingly and willfully, with the intent to deceive, makes a false statement or gives information which such individual knows to be false to a public official to obtain a metered parking waiver permit in addition to any other penalty provided by law, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than two hundred fifty dollars nor more than one thousand dollars. S 1204. Officers authorized to remove illegally stopped vehicles. (a) Whenever any police officer, or in a city having a population in excess of one million any person designated by the commissioner of traffic of such city or on highways under the jurisdiction of the New York state thruway authority, the office of parks and recreation, a county park commission, a parkway authority, a bridge authority or a bridge and tunnel authority any person designated by such office, commission or authority, finds a vehicle standing upon a highway in violation of any of the foregoing provisions of this article such officer is hereby authorized to move such vehicle, or require the driver or other person in charge of the vehicle to move the same to a position off the paved or main-traveled part of such highway. (b) 1. Whenever any police officer, or in a city having a population in excess of one million any person designated by the commissioner of traffic of such city or on highways under the jurisdiction of the New York state thruway authority, the office of parks and recreation, a county park commission, a parkway authority, a bridge authority or a bridge and tunnel authority any person designated by such office, commission or authority finds a vehicle unattended where it constitutes an obstruction to traffic, or any place where stopping, standing or parking is prohibited, such officer is hereby authorized to provide for the removal of such vehicle, semitrailer or trailer to a garage, automobile pound or other place of safety. 2. In any city with a population of one million or more, whenever any police officer, or any person designated by the commissioner of traffic, finds a semitrailer or trailer without a tractor or towing vehicle attached, parked or unattended on any city street, such officer or person designated by the commissioner of traffic is hereby authorized to provide for the removal of such semitrailer or trailer to a garage, automobile pound or other place of safety. (c) The owner or other person lawfully entitled to the possession of such vehicle may be charged with a reasonable cost for removal and storage, payable before the vehicle is released. (d) No police officer or other public, state or municipal employee shall release a motor vehicle impounded because of any traffic or parking violation to any person who does not have a currently valid driver's license and an insurance identification card or other acceptable evidence indicating current insurance coverage on such vehicle. The provisions of this subdivision with respect to insurance coverage shall not apply to a motor vehicle which will not be moved under its own power but will be transported by a tow truck or upon another vehicle, provided that the registration for such impounded vehicle has been surrendered to the commissioner and proof of such surrender is presented to the police officer or other public, state or municipal employee.
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